WAYS OF CANADIAN FEDERALISM FORMATION (HISTORICAL STATE-STUDING RESEARCH) 

Gulyakov Alexander Dmitrievich, Candidate of juridical sciences, associate professor, Rector of Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), rector@pnzgu.ru
Salomatin Aleksey Yur'evich, Doctor of juridical sciences, doctor of historical sciences, professor, head of sub-department of state and law theory and political science, director of the center for comparative legal policy at Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), valeriya_zinovev@mail.ru

 342.1, 342.55

Background. Canada represents the so-called ‘mixed model of federalism’ when the state has been formed simultaneously from ‘the bottom’ due to the initiative of local elites and local people and from ‘the top’ due to the permission of the central imperial power. But what were the reasons and consequences of thi given model?
Materials and methods. The authors applied historical facts, political biographies, social and economic data description to demonstrate peculiarities and the dynamics of the Canadian model of federalism.
Results. It seems that economic and other pragmatic (not ideological) factors dominated in the process of federative state creation. The Canadian founding fathers refused to copy the American federative model with broad autonomy of the states. Not to forget they were especially disgusted with the Civil War (1861–1865) between the North and the South.
Conclusions. Officially the Canadian federation is strongly centralized. But in reality it’s a decentralized one. It’s instability and tendency for constant change is a result of its ’mixed model’ when the Canadian government, provinces and imperial London competed with each other. It was also impossible to preserve high degree of centralization in the face of a sharp contradiction between English speaking Canada and French speaking Canada. Frankly speaking, the Quebeck factor is a constant threat to the Canadian federalism.

models of federalism, Canadian federalism, history of the Canadian state, founding fathers of Canada, Quebek factor.

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